ATH! Ekki þýddur á íslensku.
- Active Ageing
- Active ageing is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age. Active ageing applies to both individuals and population groups. It allows people to realize their potential for physical, social, and mental wellbeing throughout the life course and to participate in society according to their needs, desires and capacities, while providing them with adequate protection, security and care when they require assistance.
- Source Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. A contribution of the World Health Organisation to the
Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, Spain, April 2002.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf
- Active ageing is about adjusting our life practices to the fact that we live longer and are more resourceful and in better health than ever before, and about seizing the opportunities offered by these improvements. In practice it means adopting healthy life styles, working longer, retiring later and being active after retirement.
- Source “New Paradigm in Ageing Policy”, European Commission,
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/soc-prot/ageing/news/paradigm_en.htm
- Ability to benefit
- The point at which an adult qualifies for selected programs or services based on achievement results. Assessments approved by OAEL may be used to establish an "ability to benefit" and may result in an individual's acceptance or rejection for programs or services based on assessment scores.
- Source Adult Education, Glossary,
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/instruction/adulted/glossary.shtml
- Adult Education
- Adult Education services or instruction below the postsecondary level for individuals:
- who have attained 16 years of age;
- who are not enrolled or required to be enrolled in secondary school under State law; and;
- who lack sufficient mastery of basic educational skills to enable them to function effectively in society or
- who do not have a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent, and have not achieved an equivalent level of education; or (e) who are unable to speak, read, or write the English language.
- Source Glossary of Adult Education Terms,
http://www-tcall.tamu.edu/docs/04esguide/glossary.htm
- Age discrimina-tion
- Inappropriate behaviour (social pressure, restriction of rights) to people of all ages (young, middle and older) based on age stereotypes.
- Source Mikulionienė S. 2011. Socialinė gerontologija. Vadovėlis. Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio leidybos centras. [Social gerontology: textbook]
- Age norms
- Age-related behavioural rules, expectations, and standards governing the interaction of people. Age norms describe roles and behaviour, which are (not) acceptable and (un) desired for people of certain age.
- Source Mikulionienė S. 2011. Socialinė gerontologija. Vadovėlis. Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio leidybos centras. [Social gerontology: textbook]
- Assessment
- Methods of measuring learner progress, including state approved assessments, non-approved testing, staff evaluation, and self-reporting of learners
- Source Adult Education, Glossary,
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/instruction/adulted/glossary.shtml
- Distance Learning
The learner has been matched with a teacher, tutor, or volunteer with whom he/she has regular interaction with regard to the content of the distance learning curriculum, and who provides support throughout the distance learning experience. Distance learning is characterized by all of the following:
- A separation of place and/or time between the learner(s) and the instructor.
- The use of standardized curriculum.
- The delivery of education or training that employs technology in at least one of the following four categories:
- Computer Technology, such as the Internet or CD-ROM.
- Video Technology, such as videoconferencing, cable, satellite linkage, and videotapes.
- Audio graphic Technology, such as radio and audiotapes.
- Telephone Technology, such as teleconferencing.
Support by a tutor, including help with content and assistance with technology, on line, on the telephone, or in person.
- Source Adult Education, Glossary,
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/instruction/adulted/glossary.shtml
- Educational activities
- The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill.
- Source http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/educational+activity
- Generations
- The concept of generations is widely used in different ways:
- age groups or individuals at given life stages, such as youth, adulthood and old age;
- historical generations, defined as birth cohorts with particular characteristics (i.e. Baby Boomers);
- family generations – that is family based roles and structures (i.e. grandparent, parent, child, grandchild).
- Source Hagestad, G.; Uhlenberg, P. 2007. The Impact of Demographic Changes on Relations Between Age Groups and generations: A Comparative perspective. Schaie, K.W.; Uhlenberg, P. (Eds.) Social Structures: Demographic Change and the Well=Being of Older Adults. Springer Books, New York, p. 239-261.
- Gerontology
- Gerontology is a multidisciplinary science studying ageing from biological, psychological, and social perspectives.
- Source Phillips, Judith; Kristine Ajrouch, and Sarah Hillcoat-Nalletamby.
Key concepts in social gerontology. London:SagePublications,2010.p.118.
- Healthy / Active Ageing
- Healthy ageing is the process of optimizing opportunities for physical, social and mental health to enable older people to take an active part in society without discrimination and to enjoy an independent and good quality of life.
- Source Healthy Ageing, EU-funded project 2004 – 2007,
http://www.fhi.se/Documents/English/International/conference-documentation/Healthy-ageing-project.pdf
- Healthy ageing describes the ongoing activities and behaviours you undertake to reduce the risk of illness and disease and increase your physical, emotional and mental health. It also means combating illness and disease with some basic lifestyle realignment that can result in a faster and more
- Source www.seniors.gov.au,
http://www.seniors.gov.au/internet/seniors/publishing.nsf/Content/Healthy+ageing
- Independent living
- Living at home without the need for continuous help and with a degree of self-determination or control over one's activities.
- Source A Glossary of Terms for Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, Ageing and Health Technical Report, Volume 5, WHO Centre for Health Development, 2004.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/wkc/2004/WHO_WKC_Tech.Ser._04.2.pdf
- Individual ageing
- A process whereby people accumulate years and progressively experience changes to their biological, social and psychological functioning as they move through different phases of the life course.
- Source Phillips, Judith; Kristine Ajrouch, and Sarah Hillcoat-Nalletamby. Key concepts in social gerontology. London: Sage Publications, 2010. p. 12.
- Learning Activities
“any activities of an individual organized with the intention to improve his/her knowledge, skills and competence”.
The two fundamental criteria to distinguish learning activities from non-learning activities are:
- the activity must be intentional (as opposed to random learning), so the act has a predetermined purpose;
- the activity is organized in some way, including being organized by the learner himself/herself; it typically involves the transfer of information in a broader sense (messages, ideas, knowledge, strategies).
- Source Classification of Learning Activities – Manual. European Communities, 2006.
- Older Senior Citizens / The “Fourth Age”
- Older seniors are the group of people who are traditionally called the elderly. They are believed to be in the phase of their lives during which their physical, mental and social capacities and contributions to society gradually fade away. While we previously believed that people entered this group at retirement, we have now learned that this group consists of people in their eighties and nineties. We speak of the “older seniors” or the “fourth age.”
The Fourth Age is characterized as a period of increasing frailty. Frailty is not just a series of diseases, but more the natural ageing process linked to becoming weaker and losing the possibility to overcome diseases and social problems. Thus old age is also characterized by a number of medical and social problems. Old age ends with the death of the person.
- Source Text Analysis Report (V2.10), “Technology and the Elderly in the Popular Media,” SENIOR
project, Deliverable D1.2, pg 9. http://globalseci.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/d12-text-analysisreport2.
pdf
- Middle age
The term “middle age” was a concept popularised in the 1960s to indicate a grey area between adulthood (30-40 years old) and retirement (affecting those 65 years and older). “Extended middle age” is now the term commonly used to indicate a continuation of this period but a change in circumstances (e.g., retirement). During extended middle age, the main physical and mental abilities remain unaltered though the person is ageing and gradually forced into the role of the senior citizen. As such, he or she is better profiled in terms of desired activity patterns, job opportunities, desired life habits, desired conditions rather than medical and social needs.
The “fourth age” applies to older senior citizens, people in their eighties and nineties. In this period, practically all people show substantial losses in physical mobility and cognitive functioning.
- Source “Ethics of e-Inclusion of Older People,” SENIOR Discussion Paper No. 2008/01, April 2008,
http://www.cssc.eu/public/Ethics%20of%20e-Inclusion%20of%20older%20people%20-
%20Bled%20%20Paper.pdf
- Quality of Life
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is “an individual’s perception of his or her position in life in the context of the culture and value system where they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept, incorporating in a complex way a person’s physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and relationship to salient features in the environment.” (WHO, 1994). As people age, their quality of life is largely determined by their ability to maintain autonomy and independence.
- Source Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. A contribution of the World Health Organisation to the
Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, Spain, April 2002.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf
- Social Exclusion
- Social exclusion is a social process, built on social inequalities and leading to the marginalisation of individuals and groups as regards societal goals. Social inequalities (related to a series of factors: gender, ethnicity, age, education, employment, income, professional status, housing, family structure, disability, geographical location, etc.) are the basic roots of social exclusion. Exclusion is defined in relation to a goal: in the case of this project, the development of the information society / knowledge society (digital exclusion or e-exclusion). Exclusion occurs when individuals or social groups are left behind or do not benefit from equal opportunities to achieve societal goals.
- Source Analytic Framework – eInclusion and eAccessibility Priority Issues, eInclusion@EU Project:
Strengthening eInclusion & eAccessibility Across Europe, Deliverable 1.1, October
2004. http://www.empirica.com/themen/einclusion/documents/eInclusion_Analytic-framework.pdf
- Social Inclusion
- The process which ensures that those at risk of poverty and social exclusion have the opportunities and resources necessary to participate in economic and social life, securing a standard of living that is considered acceptable in the society in which they live.
- Source Social Protection, Social Inclusion Glossary: Key terms explained, European Commission,
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/spsi/docs/social_inclusion/glossary_en.pdf
- Social inclusion is not only the symmetric counterpart of social exclusion, aiming at including those who are at risk of exclusion. The process of social inclusion relies on three dimensions: (1) overcoming the disadvantages resulting from social inequalities, in order to avoid exclusion processes; (2) harnessing the opportunities offered by the targeted societal goals, in order to reduce existing inequalities and improve the quality of life in society; (3) fostering participation and empowerment in upcoming societal processes, in order to improve individual and collective expression, civic commitment and democratic participation.
- Source Analytic Framework – eInclusion and eAccessibility Priority Issues, eInclusion@EU Project:
Strengthening eInclusion & eAccessibility Across Europe, Deliverable 1.1, October
2004. http://www.empirica.com/themen/einclusion/documents/eInclusion_Analytic-framework.pdf
- Population ageing
- An ageing population is defined as a population in which the number of elderly (65+) is increasing relative to the number of 20-64 year olds.
- Source Population Europe: The Network of Europe‘s Leading Demographic Research Centres. Available at: http://www.population-europe.eu/Library/Glossary.aspx
- Ageing of population (also known as demographic ageing, and population ageing) is a summary term for shifts in the age distribution (i.e., age structure) of a population toward older ages.
- Source Gavrilov L.A., Heuveline P. “Aging of Population.” In: Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of Population. New York, Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. Available at:
http://www.galegroup.com/-
servlet/ItemDetailServlet?-region=9&imprint=000&titleCode=M333&type=4&id=174029
- Social Gerontology
- Social Gerontology is a branch of gerontology, studying “social aspects of ageing”. It combines the knowledge on ageing (process), age (criteria) and older persons (population category) produced by different social sciences: sociology, demography, economics, social policy, social work, education science, gerogogics, etc.
- Source Phillipson, Chris. Ageing. Cambridge : Polity Press, 2013, p.5.
- Vulnerable Groups
- Groups that experience a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion than the general population. Ethnic minorities, migrants, disabled people, the homeless, those struggling with substance abuse, isolated elderly people and children all often face difficulties that can lead to further social exclusion, such as low levels of education and unemployment or underemployment.
- Source Social Protection, Social Inclusion Glossary: Key terms explained, European Commission,
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/spsi/docs/social_inclusion/glossary_en.pdf
- Third and Fourth Age
In the sociological tradition third and fourth ages are “phases of the life course identified in terms of functions and roles”.
The third age is “the period for personal achievement and fulfilment”. The fourth age is “a time of dependence, decrepitude and death”.
- Source Phillips, Judith; Kristine Ajrouch, and Sarah Hillcoat-Nalletamby. Key concepts in social gerontology. London : Sage Publications, 2010. p. 213; 215.